Behaviourally cloning river raid agents

We investigate the feasibility and difficulties of using behavioural cloning to obtain player models using the 1982 video game River Raid. We attempt to clone both virtual game-playing agents (a fixed (non-improving) reinforcement learning agent and a random agent sampling actions uniformly) as well as an actual human agent. The behavioural clones' performance is evaluated on the micro-level through comparison of the state-conditioned and unconditional action distributions, and on the macro-level by comparing the (cloned) agents' survival time and score per episode. Using our methodology, cloning virtual agents seems feasible to varying extents, even with somewhat limited amounts of data. However, our method fails to create reliable behavioural clones of human players. We conclude with a discussion of some of the more important reasons that might cause this: a lack of training data, the problem of covariate shift, and improving and inconsistent play-style over time

Adversarial Stacked Auto-Encoders for Fair Representation Learning

Training machine learning models with the only accuracy as a final goal may promote prejudices and discriminatory behaviors embedded in the data. One solution is to learn latent representations that fulfill specific fairness metrics. Different types of learning methods are employed to map data into the fair representational space. The main purpose is to learn a latent representation of data that scores well on a fairness metric while maintaining the usability for the downstream task. In this paper, we propose a new fair representation learning approach that leverages different levels of representation of data to tighten the fairness bounds of the learned representation. Our results show that stacking different auto-encoders and enforcing fairness at different latent spaces result in an improvement of fairness compared to other existing approaches.Comment: ICML2021 ML4data Workshop Pape

Measuring Business Performance: Comparison of Financial, Non Financial and Qualitative Indicators

Purpose: To review research contributions to performance measurement systems. Design/methodology/approach:Critical review of the literature using the systems developed by previous contributors: performance measurement systems; financial measures v/s nonfinancial measures; quantification of qualitative performance indicators; and generalization v/s specification in performance measurement system. Findings:The absence of unified performance measurement systems means that the existing literature is capturing a wide range of financial measures and qualitative specifications. As a result, performance measurement system appears scattered rather than summative. New measurement systems are needed for correct measurement of performance comprising both financial variables with nonfinancial variables and also inclusion of qualitative perspective is inevitable. Research limitations/implications: Similar researches have suggested performance measurement systems must always be tailored according to requirement of assessment entity. Empirical work must explain the measurement of performance explicitly. Originality/value:This paper synthesizes the existing literature in the area of performance measurement systems that has been critical for the performance evaluator in terms of advice given to strategic manager, business owners and policy makers. Keywords: Performance Measurement Systems, Financial Performance, Non-Financial Performance

Teaching the \u27comprehensive dental care\u27 in formative years of education and training: A new model for dental internship

There is a need of a new model of education and training to be implemented in the Bachelors of Dental Surgery curriculum in the relevant Pakistani institutions. The current review article was planned to suggest such a model in the light of literature aimed at building the capacity of dental graduates in a competency-driven approach with the objective of offering safe, efficient and comprehensive care to dental patients. The outcome of the reforms suggested shall prepare dental graduates suitably geared towards providing community-oriented family dental care right from their formative years. Moreover, the suggested internship model can also help to address the issue of inefficiency related to patient-care

Measurement of photoplethysmography signal for heart rate variability and comparison of two different age groups

This paper investigates to compare the Photoplythsmography (PPG) signals based on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) criteria for two different age groups. This paper demonstrates the variation of PPG and HRV signals for subjects of age group in the twenties and fifties. The so used Easy Pulse Sensor module making use of the photo sensing technique to collect the amount of infra red light passing through the respective body part (finger tip in this case). After processing this signal through a series of condition stages involving low pass and high pass filter, a noise free PPG signal of adequate level is produced. The shape, frequency components and amplitude of this PPG signal depend upon the physiological condition as well age. This signal is then further processed by using the Arduino based processing board for being interfaced to a PC for display on the Graphical User Interface (GUI). The results are clear indicative of the physical conditions and age groups